Sports Nutrition - HECO 336....
Cardiovascular Integration &
Oxygen Utilization





Links
American Heart Association 
American Lung Association - How Your Lungs Work
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute 


 

Objectives

1. Identify the structural components of the heart.
2. Differentiate between sytole and diastole.
3. Describe the movement of blood through a cardiac contraction.
4. Define stroke volume, maximum heart rate, cardiac output and VO2 max.
5. Describe the process of steady state.
6. Describe training effect under various activity levels.
 
 

Anatomy & Physiology

I. Cardiovaascular
 A. Heart
    1. myocardium - heart muscle
         a. right atrium & ventricle
         b. left atrium & ventricle
   2. major arteries
        a. aorta - pumps oxygenated blood to body
        b. pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
   3. major veins
        a. pulmonary vein - brings oxygenated blood to the heart
        b. superior vena cava - brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

B. Cardiac Cycle
    1. systole
        a. ventricle contracts
        b. blood ejects
    2. diastole
        a. ventricle relaxes
        b. fills with blood
    3. heart rate [HR] - number of contractions /min.  [pulse]
    4. stroke volume [SV ]- amount of blood ejected during systole
    5. cardiac output[CO] - the amount of blood pumped in one minute
        OR  CO = HR x SV

C. Training
Regular exercise or training increase stroke volume and cardiac output providing more oxygen and nutrients to working muscle.  Most capillaries are not fully functional during rest, however during exercise, capillary dilation and perfusion reach nearly 100% in a trained individual.
    1. Cardiac Output
        a. Normal CO is = 5 L/min or 70 b x 71 ml/b
        b. Exercising CO - untrained = 22 L
                                        trained =  35 L

II. PULMONARY FUNCTION
    A. Minute Ventilation [VE]  = breathing rate x tidal volume
   12 x 0.5L = 6L
 B. Ventilatory Equivalent [VE/Vo2]  = 25/1 or 25ml O2 /L air
 C. Vo2 max - max O2 consummed per min
 
 
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 Last Modified: Jul 18, 2000